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| Video Glossary |
3GP
The mpeg4 based video format used in mobile terminals, like cell phones.
AAC
Advanced audio coder. An audio-encoding standard for MPEG-2 that is not backward-compatible with MPEG-1
audio.Advanced audio coder. An audio-encoding standard for MPEG-2 that is not backward-compatible
with MPEG-1 audio.
ASX
Advanced Stream Redirector (ASX): When you use .asx files, you are directed to streaming media content,
usually on multimedia Web sites. The .asx files are simple text files that contain server and media
information. They are metafiles (a file that provides information about Windows Media files and their
presentation) that are similar to Windows Media Redirector (.wvx) files.
ASV
(Audio Still Video) A still picture on a DVD-Audio disc.
AVI
Audio Video Interleaved - A multimedia file format for storing sound and moving pictures in RIFF format
developed by Microsoft. An AVI file can use different codecs and formats so there is no set format for
an AVI file unlike for example standard VCD video which sets a standard for resolution, bitrates, and
codecs used. Microsoft AVI information - MS Sample File.
ASF
Advanced Streaming Format (ASF): This file format stores audio and video information, and it is specially
designed to run on networks like the Internet. This file format is a highly flexible and compressed format
that contains streaming audio, video, slide shows, and synchronized events. When you use .asf files,
content is delivered to you as a continuous flow of data. You no longer have to wait for your audio and
video files to fully download before you start to view them. When an Audio Video Interleave (.avi) file
is compressed and converted to an .asf file, the file begins playing after only a few seconds. The file
can be unlimited in length and can run over Internet bandwidths.
DivX
DivX is a new format for digital video, much like MP3 is a format for digital music. DivX is the brand
name of a patent-pending video compression technology created by DivXNetworks, Inc., (also known as
Project Mayo). The DivX™ codec is based on the MPEG-4 compression standard. This codec is so advanced
that it can reduce an MPEG-2 video (the same format used for DVD or Pay-Per-View) to ten percent of its
original size.
DVD
DVD once stood for digital video disc or digital versatile disc, but now it just stands for DVD -- the
next generation of optical disc storage technology. DVD is essentially a bigger, faster CD that can
hold cinema-like video, better-than-CD audio, and computer data.
DVD-VCD
Basically this is VCD content authored on a DVDR/W. DVD supports the VCD resolution but the audio has to be
resampled to 48 khz.
DVD-Video
DVD-Video is the video element of the DVD format.
M3U
An .m3u file is a special type of metafile playlist that is used with MP3 files that have an .mp3 file
extension. The .m3u file includes information about the location of the .m3u file on the computer and
the properties of the file. An .m3u file is similar to the ASX playlist files.
MOV
QuickTime Content (.mov, .qt) - a file format developed by Apple Computer to create, edit, publish, and
view multimedia files. QuickTime supports video, animation, graphics, 3D and virtual reality (VR).
MP3
MP3 is an acronym for MPEG-1 (or MPEG-2) Layer 3 audio encoding (it is not an acronym for MPEG3). MP3 is
a popular compression format used for audio files on computers and portable devices.
MP4
MP4 is a new container format, a container format allows you to combine different multimedia streams
into one single file. Multimedia containers are for example the well known AVI, MPEG , Matroska, OGM.
MP4 is the global file extension for the official container format defined in the MPEG-4 standard. MP4
is streamable and supports all kinds of multimedia content, multiple audio-, video-, subtitlestreams,
pictures, variable-framerates, -bitrates, -samplerates...) and advanced content like 2D and 3D animated
graphics, user interactivity, DVD-like menus.
MPEG-1
An ISO/IEC (International Organization for Standardization/ International Electrotechnical Commission)
standard for medium quality and medium bitrate video and audio compression. It allows video to be
compressed by the ratios in the range of 50:1 to 100:1, depending on image sequence type and desired
quality. The encoded data rate is targeted at 1.5Mb/s - this was a reasonable transfer rate of a
double-speed CD-ROM player (including audio and video). VHS-quality playback is expected from this
level of compression. The Motion Picture Expert Group (MPEG) also established the MPEG-2 standard
for high-quality video playback at a higher data rates. MPEG-1 is used in encoding video for VCD. MPEG FAQ
MPEG-2
An encoding standard designed as an extension of the MPEG-1 international standard for digital compression
of audio and video signals. MPEG-1 was designed to code progressively scanned video at bit rates up to
about 1.5 Mbit/s for applications such as CD-i. MPEG-2 is directed at broadcast formats at higher data
rates; it provides increased support for efficiently coding interlaced video, supports a wide range of
bit rates and provides for multichannel surround sound coding such as PCM, Dolby Digital, DTS and MPEG audio.
MPEG-3
A proposed variant of the MPEG video and audio compression algorithm and file format. MPEG-3 was intended
as an extension of MPEG-2 to cater for HDTV but was eventually merged into MPEG-2.
MPEG-4
An ISO/IEC standard 14496 developed by the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG), the committee that also
developed MPEG-1 and MPEG-2. These standards made interactive video on CD-ROM, DVD and Digital Television
possible. MPEG-4 is the result of another international effort involving hundreds of researchers and
engineers from all over the world. MPEG-4 was finalized in October 1998 and became an International
Standard in 1999. The fully backward compatible extensions under the title of MPEG-4 Version 2 were
frozen at the end of 1999, to acquire the formal International Standard Status early in 2000. Several
extensions were added since and work on some specific work-items is still in progress.
MPEG-7
MPEG-7 is an ISO/IEC standard developed by the Moving Picture Experts Group. MPEG-7, formally named
"Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data
that supports some degree of interpretation of the information’s meaning, Unlike previous MPEG
standards aimed at encoding, MPEG-7 is not aimed at any one application in particular; rather, the
elements that MPEG-7 standardizes support as broad a range of applications as possible.
SVCD
SVCD stands for 'Super VideoCD. A SVCD is very similiar to a VCD, it has the capacity to hold
about 35-60 minutes on 74/80 min CDs of very good quality full-motion MPEG-2 video along with
up to 2 stereo audio tracks and also 4 selectable subtitles. A SVCD can be played on many
standalone DVD Players and of course on all computers with a DVD-ROM or CD-ROM drive with the
help of a software based decoder / player.
VCD
VCD stands for 'Video Compact Disc' and basically it is a CD that contains moving pictures and sound.
If you're familiar with regular audio/music CDs, then you will know what a VCD looks like. A VCD has the
capacity to hold up to 74/80 minutes on 650MB/700MB CDs respectively of full-motion video along with
quality stereo sound. VCDs use an encoding standard called MPEG-1 to store the video and audio. A VCD
can be played on almost all standalone DVD Players and of course on all computers with a DVD-ROM or
CD-ROM drive with the help of a software based decoder / player.
VOB
All DVD movies are stored in on a DVD video disc in so-called VOB files. VOB files usually contain
multiplexed Dolby Digital audio and MPEG-2 video. VOB files on a DVD are numbered as follows:
vts_XX_y.vob where XX represents the title and Y the part of the title. There can be 99 titles and
10 parts, although vts_XX_0.vob does not contain any video, usually just menu or navigational information.
You can find them on a DVD video disc in a subdirectory labelled VIDEO_TS (all upper case).
WAV
WAV files are probably the simplest of the common formats for storing audio samples. Unlike MPEG audio
and other compressed formats, WAVs store samples "in the raw" where no pre-processing is required other
that formatting of the data.
WMA
Windows Media Audio.
WMF
Windows Media Format files are audio/video files encoded with the Windows Media Encoder, providing
high quality and media security for streaming and download-and-play applications on PCs, set-top
boxes, and portable devices. Windows Media Format comprises Windows Media Audio and Video codecs,
an optional integrated digital rights management (DRM) system, and a file container.
WMV
Windows Media file with Audio and/or Video (WMV): You can use a .wmv file either to download and
play files or to stream content. The .wmv file format is similar to the .asf file format.
XviD
XviD is an ISO MPEG-4 compliant video codec. It's not a product but an open source project which is
developed and maintained by people around the world.
XVCD
eXtended VCD - XVCD has same features as VCD but it is possible to use higher bitrates and higher
resolution to get higher video quality. XVCD is basically everything that uses MPEG-1 video, is not
within the VCD standard, and burned in "VCD" Mode on a CD-R or CD-R(W). XVCD can be played on some
hardware VCD or DVD players and many computers with appropriate software.
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